IMAGE CREDITS:
JUSTINIAN PLAGUE
Map of Constantinople from Wikimedia, https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Byzantine_Constantinople-en.png. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Yersinia Pestis from Wikimedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersinia_pestis#/media/File:Yersinia_pestis.jpg
Plague-infected flea from Wikimedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yersinia_pestis#/media/File:Flea_infected_with_yersinia_pestis.jpg
‘Saint Sebastian pleads with Jesus for the life of a gravedigger afflicted by plague during the Plague of Justinian’. (Josse Lieferinxe, c. 1497–1499) https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plaguet03.jpg
THE BLACK DEATH
‘De triomf van de Doods’ by Peter Bruegel the Elder, c. 1562. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Triumph_of_Death_by_Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder.jpg
‘Venice in 1338 AD 19th century lithograph of the 14th century manuscript in the Bodleian Oxford’ Licensed through Alamy. https://www.alamy.com/history-italy-venice-print-depicting-venice-in-1338-ad-19th-century-lithograph-of-the-14th-century-manuscript-in-the-bodleian-oxford-image179628165.html
‘Leprosy victims taught by bishop’ from Omne Bonum, James le Palmer, 1360-1375. From The British Library; Record Number: c6541-07; Shelfmark: Royal 6 E. VI; Page Folio Number: f.301ra. Image source from Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leprosy_victims_taught_by_bishop.jpg
Miniature by Pierart dou Tielt illustrating the Tractatus quartus bu Gilles li Muisit (Tournai, c. 1353). The people of Tournai bury victims of the Black Death. ms. 13076 - 13077 fol. 24v. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Doutielt3.jpg
THE GREAT PLAGUE OF LONDON (&c)
Paul Fürst, engraving, c. 1721, of a plague doctor of Marseilles (introduced as 'Dr Beaky of Rome'). His nose-case is filled with herbal material to keep off the plague. Copper engraving of Doctor Schnabel [i.e Dr. Beak], a plague doctor in seventeenth-century Rome, with a satirical macaronic poem (‘Vos Creditis, als eine Fabel, / quod scribitur vom Doctor Schnabel’) in octosyllabic rhyming couplets. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plague_doctor_costume#/media/File:Paul_F%C3%BCrst,_Der_Doctor_Schnabel_von_Rom_(Holl%C3%A4nder_version).png
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‘Contemporary engraving of Naples during the Naples Plague in 1656’ by Domenico Gargiulo, 1656. In the collection at the Museo Nazionale di San Martino; image from Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Micco_Spadaro_-_Largo_Mercatello_durante_la_peste_a_Napoli_(1656).jpg
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‘Portrait of Daniel Defoe, National Maritime Museum, London’. Image from Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Daniel_Defoe_Kneller_Style.jpg
Title page of the original edition of Daniel Defoe's A Journal of the Plague Year. Published in 1722 by E. Nutt. Image from Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Defoe_Journal_of_the_Plague_Year.jpg
Charles de Lorme, 1630. Image from Wikimedia Commons, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_DeLorme_portrait_1630.jpg
“Plague Doctor’s Mask from around 1700” in the collection at the German Museum of Medical History https://www.ingolstadt-tourismus.de/en/btob/group-travel/experience-modules/german-museum-for-the-history-of-medicine.html
Plague Doctor’s mask, 17th c. Berlin - Deutsches Historisches Museum
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:17._Jht._Pesthaube_anagoria.JPG
‘Shoes’ 1660-75. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/82447?rpp=20&pg=18&rndkey=20140122&ao=on&ft=%2A&when=A.D.+1600-1800&where=Europe&what=Costume&img=1
Medieval shoe example, images 1 and 3: Fragment of Saint Mark altarpiece, by Arnau Bassa, at Manresa Seu (church of Saint Mary): saint Anian of Alexandria reparing Mark's shoes, 1346. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bassa-marcG.jpg
Medieval shoe example, image 2: Alimenti: vino bianco, dal Taccuino Sanitatis, Manoscritto Casanatense 4182 (XIV secolo). 14th century. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:14th-century_fashion#/media/File:19-alimenti,vino_bianco,Taccuino_Sanitatis,_Casanatense_4182.jpg
Jan van Grevenbroeck (1731-1807), Venetian doctor during the time of the plague. Pen, ink and watercolour on paper. Museo Correr, Venice. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_van_Grevenbroeck,_Venetian_doctor_during_the_time_of_the_plague._Museo_Correr,_Venice.jpg
Dr. IJsbrand van Diemerbroeck (1890)
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Plague Doctor costume by Danny Banner, used with permission. https://www.instagram.com/danbanstudio/
17 c 1 Special physician clothes for preventing pestilence (Germany, XVII century) at Jena https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medico_peste.jpg
‘Plague Doctor Masks group, traditional costume invented in the 17th century and historical character of Venice Carnival’ by Cris Foto. Licensed through Shutterstock. https://www.shutterstock.com/image-photo/plague-doctor-masks-group-traditional-costume-1013422267
1918 FLU
St. Louis Red Cross Motor Corps on duty during influenza epidemic (1918). Original from Library of Congress. Digitally enhanced by rawpixel. https://www.rawpixel.com/image/2301122/free-image-spanish-flu-vintage-pandemic
"Walter Reed Hospital Flu Ward". Photo of Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D.C., during the great Influenza Pandemic of 1918 - 1919, also known as the "Spanish Flu". Patients are set up in rows of beds on an open gallery, seperated by hung sheets. A nurse wears a cloth mask over her nose and mouth. Harris & Ewing photographers - Photo by Harris & Ewing via Library of Congress website. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu#/media/File:1918_at_Spanish_Flu_Ward_Walter_Reed_(cropped).jpg
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Police with masks: Policemen in Seattle wearing masks made by the Red Cross, during the influenza epidemic. December 1918. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu#/media/File:Spanish_flu_in_1918,_Police_officers_in_masks,_Seattle_Police_Department_detail,_from-_165-WW-269B-25-police-l_(cropped).jpg
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Women wearing surgical masks during the influenza epidemic, Brisbane (1919). Original image from State Library of Queensland. Digitally enhanced by rawpixel. https://www.rawpixel.com/image/2298584/free-photo-image-vintage-pandemic-nurse
Alberta Poster: A period photo of a poster issued by Alberta's Provincial Board of Health alerting the public to the 1918 influenza epidemic. The poster gives information on the Spanish flu, and instructions on how to make a mask. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu#/media/File:SpanishFluPosterAlberta.png
‘Electron microscope constructed by Ernst Ruska in 1933’ Image from Wikimedia Commons, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_microscope#/media/File:Ernst_Ruska_Electron_Microscope_-_Deutsches_Museum_-_Munich-edit.jpg
Volunteer caregivers from The American red cross during flu epidemic (1918). Original image from Oakland Public Library. Digitally enhanced by rawpixel. https://www.rawpixel.com/image/2298582/free-photo-image-nurse-influenza-black-and-white
American Red Cross nurses tend to flu patients in temporary wards set up inside Oakland Municipal Auditorium, 1918. Edward A. "Doc" Rogers, 1873-1960 - Photo by Edward A. "Doc" Rogers. From the Joseph R. Knowland collection at the Oakland History Room, Oakland Public Library. Digital copy. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_flu#/media/File:1918_flu_in_Oakland.jpg
COVID-19
‘Walmart empty food shelves’ https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/view-image.php?image=319756&picture=walmart-empty-food-shelves
Members of the Florida National Guard (FLNG) gather with local hospital staff to collaborate on donning and doffing personal protective equipment (PPE) during Task Force – Medicals’ response to the COVID-19 virus, March 17, 2020. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Florida_National_Guard_(49671493317).jpgDomestic Training Course for healthcare workers. Original image sourced from US Government department: Public Health Image Library, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.rawpixel.com/image/2288384/free-photo-image-pandemic-protective-virus-safety-training
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Healthcare workers donning a pair of protective goggles and protective equipment. Original image sourced from US Government department: Public Health Image Library, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.rawpixel.com/image/2288386/free-photo-image-medical-medical-protective-equipment-safety
Healthcare workers assuring each other’s personal protective equipment PPE had been properly secured. Original image sourced from US Government department: Public Health Image Library, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.rawpixel.com/image/2288455/free-photo-image-covid-coronavirus-pandemic
MUSIC CREDITS:
‘Simple Pleasantries’ by Arthur Benson, epidemicsound.com
‘Highland Hymn’ by Bonnie Grace, epidemicsound.com
‘Tudor’ by Bonnie Grace, epidemicsound.com
‘French Bourree’ by Cercles Nouvelles, epidemicsound.com
‘Portobello Road’ by David Celeste, epidemicsound.com
‘Purple Lilies’ by Sum Wave, epidemicsound.com