[1] “Author’s reconstruction of Sittingbourne Bodies.” In Shaping Femininity: Foundation Garments, the Body and Women in Early Modern England. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts. p. 99, Fig 3.8.
[2] Unknown Maker. 1780-89. Stays. Silk, Linen, Baleen. London. Victoria & Albert Museum. https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O13864/stays-unknown/.
[3] Maison Léoty (French). 1891. Corset. Silk. New York, NY. Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/82433.
[4] Philips, Charles. 1730. Tea Party at Lord Harrington’s House, St. James’s. Oil on Canvas. New Haven, CT. Yale Center for British Art. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Philips_-_Tea_Party_at_Lord_Harrington%27s_House,_St._James%27s_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg.
[5] Peake the Elder, Robert. c.1606. Princess Elizabeth (1596–1662), Later Queen of Bohemia. Oil on Canvas. New York, NY. Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/437263.
[6] Hollar, Wenceslaus. 1643. Merchant’s Parisien Wife. Engraving. Princeton, NJ. Princeton University Art Museum. https://artmuseum.princeton.edu/collections/objects/47396.
[7] Unknown Maker. c.15th Century. 15th Century Linen “Bra” in comparison to a longline-bra from the 1950s. Linen. Innsbruck, Austria. Institute for Archaeologies, Universität Innsbruck. https://www.uibk.ac.at/archaeologien/forschung/projekte/nutz/textilien-lengberg/mittelalterliche-unterwaesche/index.html.en.
[8] Unknown Maker. The Lengberg Bra. c.1440-1485. Linen. Innsbruck, Austria. Institute for Archaeologies, Universität Innsbruck.
[9] Unknown Maker. c.1598. Bodies Worn by Countess Palatine Dorothea Sabina of Pfalz-Neuburg. Linen. Munich. Bayerisches Nationalmuseum.
[10] Unknown Maker, Netherlands. 1660-80. Stays and Busk. Watered Silk, Linen, Baleen. London. Victoria & Albert Museum. https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O10446/stays-and-busk-unknown/.
[11] Unknown Artist. 1818. Dandy’s Toilette. Colour Engraving. The Corset: A Cultural History. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Dandy%27s_toilette.jpg.
[12] Unknown Photographer. 1899. 1899 Corset Photo. Photograph. Private collection. https://mediakron.bc.edu/fashiondecor/contents/lectures-introductions/lecture-2-terminology-themes/1899-corset-photo.
[13] Unknown Maker. c.1770-80. Stays. Linen. Madrid. Museo del Traje.
[14] Unknown Maker. c.1770. Woman’s Cotton Stays. Cotton. St. Louis, MO. Missouri History Museum. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Woman%27s_Cotton_Stays.jpg.
[15] “Author’s reconstruction of the straight bodies from the 1603 effigy of Elizabeth I.” In Shaping Femininity: Foundation Garments, the Body and Women in Early Modern England. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts. p. 99, Fig. 5.7.
[16] “Crimson satin bodies and stomacher of Elizabeth Filmer (front), c. 1640–60, English, Gallery of Costume, Platt Hall, Manchester City Galleries.” In Shaping Femininity: Foundation Garments, the Body and Women in Early Modern England. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts. p. 44, Fig. 1.20
[17] Sayer, Robert. 1790. A Woman Holding Her Sleeping Baby after Breast Feeding It. Mezzotint. London. Wellcome Collection. https://wellcomecollection.org/works/gm8j87qh/images?id=tud2gcad.
[18] Bendall, Sarah A. 2020. Reconstruction, after Claydon House Maternity Stays (1665-75). Silk, Linen, Synthetic Baleen. Private collection.
[19] “La Grecque Maternity Corset.” 1911. In La Grecque Corset: As an Aid to the Physician and Surgeon. New York, NY.
[20] Unknown Maker. Late 19th Century. Pregnancy Corset. Sateen, Baleen. Kent. Maidstone Museum. https://museum.maidstone.gov.uk/staff-pick-pregnancy-corset/.
[21] Unknown Maker. c.1900. Corset. Cotton, Metal, Baleen. London. Victoria & Albert Museum. https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O355208/corset-unknown/.
[22] “Maternity Bodies and stomacher owned by Mary Verney (née Abell), c. 1665–75, English, Claydon House, Buckinghamshire.” In Shaping Femininity: Foundation Garments, the Body and Women in Early Modern England. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts. p. 206, Fig. 6.9
[23] “Inside of stomacher belonging to the maternity bodies of Mary Verney (née Abell), c. 1665–75, English, Claydon House, Buckinghamshire.” In Shaping Femininity: Foundation Garments, the Body and Women in Early Modern England. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts. p. 210, Fig. 6.12
[24] “Whale’s Palate, Showing Whalebone.” In “Life on a Greenland Whaler.” The Strand Magazine, 1897. HathiTrust. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015010465576&seq=34.
[25] Keely, Robert N. 1863. Mrs. John Morgan. Photograph. Collection of @kenna.sews. https://www.instagram.com/p/C4B4N97gmC4/.
[26] “Plate 12.— Harding, Howell, & Co. (Grand Fashionable Magazine, No.80, Pall-Mall.” 1809. In The Repository of Arts, Literature, Commerce, Manufactures, Fashions and Politics. R. Ackermann. https://archive.org/details/repositoryofarts109acke/page/n233/mode/2up.
[27] Unknown Maker, England. 1730-40. Woman’s Corset (Stays). Silk, Linen. Los Angeles, CA. Los Angeles County Museum of Art. https://collections.lacma.org/node/232498.
[28] Bendall, Sarah A. 2020. Reconstruction of 18th Century Maternity Stays. Silk, Linen, Synthetic Baleen. Private collection.
[29] Unknown Maker, England. 1780-89. Stays. Linen, Silk, Baleen. London. Victoria & Albert Museum. https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O355223/stays/.
[30] “H and W Corset Waists.” 1905. In Woman’s Home Companion. Springfield, OH: The Crowell Publishing Co. https://archive.org/details/HandWCorsetWaists1905A.
[31] Unknown Maker. Late 19th Century. Maternity Corset. Linen, Baleen, Metal. Glasgow. Kelvingrove Museum.
[32] La Huri (Spanish). 1885. Silk Satin and Velvet Maternity Corset with Flossing Embroidery. Silk. The Underpinnings Museum. https://underpinningsmuseum.com/museum-collections/silk-satin-and-velvet-maternity-corset-with-flossing-embroidery-by-la-huri/.
[33] Heath, William. 1830. A Woman Is Turning a Wheel Which Is Tightening the String around a Girl’s Waist in Order to Make It Smaller. Etching with Watercolour. London. Wellcome Collection. https://wellcomecollection.org/works/v2frkgu3/images?id=gx4vnu9m.
[34] Bendall, Sarah A. 2021. Shaping Femininity: Foundation Garments, the Body and Women in Early Modern England. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts. p. 205
[35] Beaubrun, Charles. 1638. Anne d’Autriche Enceinte de 8 Mois Du Futur Louis XIV. Oil. Private collection. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anne_d%27Autriche,_infante_d%27Espagne,_reine_de_France,_enceinte_de_8_mois_du_futur_Louis_XIV,_en_1638,_par_Charles_Beaubrun.jpg.
[36] Saucerotte, Nicolas. 1777. Préjugés et Usages Abusifs Concernant Les Femmes Enceintes. Paris: Nancy. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6476891j.
[37] Bendall, Sarah A. 2021. Shaping Femininity: Foundation Garments, the Body and Women in Early Modern England. London: Bloomsbury Visual Arts. p. 160
[38] “Ribcage of a woman known to have corseted in life. Date of death is unknown. Courtesy of the Royal College of Surgeons, London, England”, “Ribs and pelvis of individual 2715, female with deformed ribs.” In Klingerman, Katherine Marie. 2006. Binding Femininity: An Examination of the Effects of Tightlacing on the Female Pelvis. pp. 37-38
[39] “Fig. 13.” 1889. In The Outlines of Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene. New York, NY: American Book Co. https://archive.org/details/outlinesofanatom00trac/page/24/mode/1up?view=theater.
[40] Gheeraerts the Younger, Marcus. 1596. Barbara Gamage with Six Children. Oil on Canvas. Private collection, Penshurst Place. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gheeraerts_Barbara_Gamage_with_Six_Children.jpg.
[41] Klingerman, Katherine Marie. 2006. Binding Femininity: An Examination of the Effects of Tightlacing on the Female Pelvis. p. 45
[42] “Plate I: Life-Size X-Ray of a Straight-Line Corset (Rear View).” 1905. In Le Corset; Histoire, Médecine, Hygiène. Paris: Maloine. https://catalog.nyam.org/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=217689.
[43] Gheeraerts the Younger, Marcus. 1596. Anne, Lady Pope with Her Children. Oil on Canvas. London. National Portrait Gallery. Private collection, courtesy of Nevill Keating Pictures, 2003. https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw69849/Anne-Lady-Pope-with-her-children.
[44] Gibson, Rebecca. 2020. The Corseted Skeleton a Bioarchaeology of Binding. Cham: Springer International Publishing: Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 56
[45] Bega, Cornelis Pietersz. 1654-8. Interior with Nursing Mother. Oil on Oak Wood. Frankfurt am Main. Städel Museum. https://sammlung.staedelmuseum.de/en/work/interior-with-nursing-mother-1.
[46] Craig, William Marshall. 1810. A Woman Breast Feeding Her Child. Stipple Engraving. London. Wellcome Collection. https://wellcomecollection.org/works/wm93z5z8/items.
[47] Unknown Photographer. Mid-late 19th Century. Woman Breastfeeding a Child. Photograph. Private collection. https://www.vintag.es/2017/02/victorian-breastfeeding-29-lovely.html.
[48] Unknown Photographer. 1850. Portrait of Unidentified Woman Breastfeeding a Baby. Daguerrotype. Cambridge, MA. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_unidentifed_woman_breastfeeding_a_baby,_ca._1850._%289622950002%29.jpg
[49] Unknown Photographer. 1890s. Portrait of a Black Woman Breastfeeding. Photograph. Private collection. https://historycollection.com/treasured-taboo-30-rare-glimpses-victorian-mothers-breastfeeding/.
[50] Unknown Maker. 1890. Rare Grey Cotton Nursing Corset. Cotton Sateen. Augusta Auctions. https://augusta-auction.com/list-of-past-auctions-by-date?view=lot&id=6738&auction_file_id=9.
[51] Unknown Artist, Britain. 1569. A Young Lady Aged 21, Possibly Helena Snakenborg, Later Marchioness of Northampton. Oil on Oak Wood. London. Tate Gallery. https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/unknown-artist-britain-a-young-lady-aged-21-possibly-helena-snakenborg-later-marchioness-t00400.
[52] Unknown Maker, Europe. 1700-35. Corset. Silk, Metal. Barcelona. Museu del Disseny de Barcelona. https://cataleg.museudeldisseny.cat/fitxa/mtib/H299866/?lang=en&resultsetnav=660d3cd6eb633.
[53] Unknown Maker, Catalonia. 1600-1700. Stomacher. Silk, Metal, Cord. Barcelona. Museu del Disseny de Barcelona. https://cataleg.museudeldisseny.cat/fitxa/mtib/H534594/?resultsetnav=660d3dcd142a0&lang=en.