[1] Lengberg 15th century 'underpants: Lengberg Castle, East-Tyrol: pair of linen male underpants (Foto: © Institute for Archaeologies) https://www.uibk.ac.at/urgeschichte/projekte_forschung/textilien-lengberg/mittelalterliche-unterwaesche/index.html.en See also: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/qa-archaeologist-unearths-600-year-old-bra-in-castle-5900805/
[2] 'The joys of adulthood: haymaking in June' from the Trés Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, 15th century
[3] Detail of an illumination in the Maciejowski Bible.
[4] "The intimate Toilette" or "The Woman Who Pees", François Boucher. 1760s. Wikimedia Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:François_Boucher_-_La_Toilette_intime_(Une_Femme_qui_pisse),_1760s.jpg
,_1760s.jpg){kind=link}
[5] "Indecency", a caricature by Isaac Cruikshank. Published in London by S.W. Fores, 1799.
[6] Sarah Malcolm trial, mention of a bloody apron https://www.oldbaileyonline.org/browse.jsp?id=t17330221-52&div=t17330221-52&terms=bloody apron #highlight
[7] Advertisements from Sears, Roebuck Catalogues, 1902-1908. Via the Museum of Menstruation, http://www.mum.org/belt1908.htm
[8] Butler Brothers Wholesale Catalogue, 1920. Via the Museum of Menstruation, http://www.mum.org/beltbut3.htm
[9] Apron illustration, Sears Catalogue, 1914. Via the Museum of Menstruation, http://www.mum.org/formfit.htm
[10] 'Exhibition Stare Case' Thomas Rowlandson. 1811. The British Museum https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1876-0311-66
[11] 'worn by men, women, and children of all classes, and almost all ages,' A Lady, "The Workwoman's Guide", 1838. p. 50 https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/workwomansguide00hale
[12] 'Luxury or the Comforts of a Rumpford' Charles Williams, 1801. The British Museum https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/P_1935-0522-7-12
[13] Late 18th c engraving: Copper engraving from the second half of the 18th century, from Volume 2 of Bilderlexikon, published by the Institut für Sexualforschung Wien, 1928-31, and reproduced in Junker und Stille's "Zur Geschichte der Unterwäsche 1700-1960," 1988, Historisches Museum Frankfurt via the Museum of Menstruation, http://www.mum.org/underhis.htm
[14] 'Ladies dress, as it soon will be', James Gillray, 1796. The National Portrait Gallery, https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw63263/Ladies-dress-as-it-soon-will-be
[15] 'Progress of the Toilet' James Gillray, 1818. British Library https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/progress-of-the-toilet---the-stays-by-gillray
[16] Plate 7, styles of drawers. A Lady, "The Workwoman's Guide", 1838. https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/workwomansguide00hale
[17] Drawers, 1840s. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/108984?searchField=All&sortBy=Relevance&what=Costume&ft=drawers&offset=0&rpp=80&pos=8
[18] Drawers ca. 1887. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/104458?searchField=All&sortBy=Relevance&what=Costume&ft=drawers&offset=0&rpp=80&pos=45
[19] Drawers, 1888. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/109130?searchField=All&sortBy=Relevance&what=Costume&ft=drawers&offset=0&rpp=80&pos=20
[20] Drawers ca. 1887. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/104460?searchField=All&sortBy=Relevance&what=Costume&ft=drawers&offset=0&rpp=80&pos=49
[21] "Mlle. Rhea seated with flask in garter on leg", January 26 1926. Historic American Buildings Survey, via Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mlle._Rhea_Flask_LC-USZ62-99952.jpg
[22] Advertisement for Youthform brassieres. "The Delineator", March 1929, p. 112.
[23] Drawers ca. 1885. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/109018?searchField=All&sortBy=Relevance&what=Costume&ft=underpants&offset=80&rpp=80&pos=84
[24] Altichiero da Zevio (ca 1320-ca 1390), Crucifixion, fresco, Oratory of Saint George, Padua. https://www.flickr.com/photos/snarfel/4137939563/
[25] Drawers, 1775-1800. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. http://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O137722/drawers-unknown/
[26] 'Westminster school. or - Dr Busby settling accounts with Master-Billy and his playmates', James Gillroy, 1785. The National Portrait Gallery https://www.npg.org.uk/collections/search/portrait/mw63201
[27] Detail of "The Drunkard on an egg", Pieter Brueghel the Younger. c. 1564. Via Wikimedia Commons: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pieter_Breughel_2,_Drunkard_on_an_egg.jpg
[28] A pair of leather fall front breeches in the collection at the School of Historical Dress, 18th century.
[29] Doublet and breeches, c. 1625-1635. © Victoria and Albert Museum, London. https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O110590/doublet-and-breeches-unknown/